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 Kyoto- History

Once Heijyokyo and Nagaokakyo also used to be capitals, but Yamasiro region was provided as new capital by Emperor Kanmu in 794. This is called Heiankyo, the beginning of Kyoto so to speak. The culture and commerce, industry have developed since then. What is more, many centers of religious sects came into Kyoto, so that it was getting become very attractive as being religious than any other part in Japan. In 1869 , the capital was moved to Tokyo, which ended its history as the capital of Japan that had more than 1,200 years. However Kyoto did not have any declines with it. Heian shrine was constructed to commemorate the 1,100th anniversary of founding Heiankyo in 1895 and "Jidai Maturi", Festival of the ages of Heian shrine which is one of the three big festivals had started. In 1994, many events commemorated 1,200th anniversary were held dramatically throughout a year. Now, Kyoto keeps going for the future, new generation.

• 544 - The first "Aoi" Festival was held.
• 741 - Japan's capital was transferred to "Kyonin-kyo".
• 784 - Japan's capital was transferred to Nagaokakyo (Now Muko City and Nagaokakyo City in Kyoto Prefecture).
• 788 - Priest "Saicho" erected Enryakuji Temple on Mt. Hiei.
• 794 - "Heian-kyo" Capital (Now Kyoto City) was built.
• 798 - General "Sakanoue-no-Tamuramaro" erected Kiyomizu Temple.
• 869 - The first "Gion" Festival was held.
• 888 - Emperor "Uda" founded Ninnaji Temple.
• 905 - "Ki-no-Tsurayuki" compiled "Kokin-waka-shu" (Collection of Japanese Poems from Ancient and Modern Times) by imperial order.
• 952 - A five-storied pagoda was constructed at Daigoji Temple.
• 1053 - "Fujiwara-no-Yorimichi" erected "Ho-oh-do" Hall (Phoenix Hall) in Byodoin Temple.
• Latter half of the Heian Period(794 - 1192) - The main building of Ujigami Shrine was built.
• 1156 - The "Hogen" Revolt.
• 1159 - The "Heiji" Revolt.
• 1192 - The "Kamakura Shogunate" Government was established.
• Around 1200 - Priest "Myoe" opened Japan's first tea garden in Kozanji Temple.
• 1205 - "Shin-kokin-waka-shu" was compiled.
• 1333 - The "Kamakura Shogunate" was annihilated.
• 1336 - The Imperial Household was divided into Northern and Southern Dynasties.
• 1338 - The "Muromachi Shogunate" Government was established.
• 1339 - "Ashikaga Takauji" erected Tenryuji, a Zen temple. Zen Master "Muso Kokushi" restored Saihoji Temple (Moss Temple).
• 1392 - The Northern and Southern Dynasties were unified.
• 1397 - "Ashikaga Yoshimitsu" was offered "KItayama-dai",a villa of the "Saionji" family. (The villa was in turn converted into Rokuonji Temple, commonly known as the Golden Pavilion.)
• 1450 - "Hosokawa Katsumoto" was offered a villa of the "Tokudaiji" family,which he converted into Ryoanji Temple.
• 1462 - "Ikenobo Senkei" demonstrated the first flower arrangement at the mansion of the "Sasaki"s.
• 1467 - The Onin War broke out.
• 1482 - "Ashikaga Yoshimasa" built a villa in Higashiyama, which in turn was converted into Jishoji Temple, commonly known as the Silver Pavilion.
• 1573 - The "Muromachi Shogunate" was annihilated.
• 1579 - "Raku Chojiro" invented the method of "Raku-yaki" pottery, under the guidance of "Sen-no-Rikyu."
• 1581 - The north Noh stage was constructed in Hongwanji (Nishi-Hongwanji) Temple.
• 1582 - The incident at Honnoji Temple.
• 1591 - Hongwanji (Nishi-Hongwanji) Temple was relocated to its present site.
• 1594 - "Toyotomi Hideyoshi" founded Fushimi Castle.
• 159 approximately "Hirata Dojin" introduced the art of cloisonne from Korea and started the cloisonne industry, using narrow metal strips to separate the colors.
• 1598 - "Toyotomi Hideyoshi" held a flower viewing picnic in Daigoji Temple.
• 1600 - The Battle of "Sekigahara."
• 1603 - "Tokugawa Ieyasu" founded the "Tokugawa Shogunate" Government in Edo (now Tokyo). "Tokugawa Ieyasu" founded Nijo Castle. "Izumo-no-Okuni" began "kabuki" dance.
• 1615 approximately - "Sanmojiya Kuemon" invented the method of "Awata-yaki" pottery.
• 1620 - The construction of Katsura Imperial Villa commenced.
• 1641 approximately - "Otowaya Sozaemon" invented the method of "Otowa-yaki" pottery.
• 1644 - "Tokugawa Iemitsu" donated a five-storied pagoda to Kyo-oh-gokokuji (Toji) Temple.
• 1646 - "Koshin Sosa" succeeded the "Sen" family from "Sen-no-Sotan" and established "Omote-Senke" tea ceremony school. "Sen-no-Sotan" founded "Konnichi-an" tea house, which "Sen-no-Soshitsu" took over as master and founded "Ura-Senke" school.
• 1650 approximately - "Nonomura Ninsei" invented the method of "Omuro-yaki" pottery.
• 1658 - Guidebooks to Kyoto, "Kyo-warabe" and "Rakuyo-meisho-shu" were issued.
• 1659 - "Shugakuin" Imperial Villa was built.
• 1662 - The "Daimonji-okuribi" began around this year.
• 1664 - Retired Emperor "Gomizunoh" patronized "Shugakuin-yaki" pottery.
• 1666 - "Ohiinakata" (samples of kimono patterns) was made.
• 1684 approximately - "Yuzen-zome" dyeing method was invented.
• 1685 - A guidebook to Kyoto, "Kyo-habutae" was published.
• 1735 - "Baisao-Ko-Yugai" established "Sencha-do" (Tea ceremony of green tea).
• 1754 - "Yamawaki Toyo" conducted an autopsy for the first time in Japan.
• 1768 - "Heian-Jinbutsu-shi," a document on academic persons and artists in Kyoto, was issued.
• 1780 - The guidebook to Kyoto with illustrations was published.
• 1863 - The main building of Kamo-ikazuchi Shrine (Kamigamo Shrine) was rebuilt. The main building of Kamo-miya Shrine (Shimogamo Shrine) was rebuilt.
• Edo Period - "Ine" festival began.
• 1867 - "Tokugawa Yoshinobu" returned the administrative power to the imperial household.
• 1868 - Kyoto Prefectural Government was established.
• 1869 - "Dajokan," or the Grand Council (central administrative organ of the Meiji Government) was relocated to Tokyo, signifying the transfer of the capital. Japan's first elementary school was established.
• 1870 - Kyoto Prefectural Government established the Chemistry Bureau (Seimi-kyoku) to promote modernization of the chemical industry.
• 1871 - Japan's first exposition was held in Kyoto.
• 1872 - The first Kyoto Fairwas held. (On this occasion, "Miyako-odori" and "Kamogawa-odori" (annual dancing performances) were started.)
• 1877 - Kyoto Station was constructed. Train service began between Kyoto and Kobe.
• 1889 - Kyoto City Government was founded.
• 1890 - A canal was completed between Lake Biwa and Kyoto. In the following year, hydroelectric power generation began, using the canal's water.
• 1895 - The 1100th anniversary of the founding of "Heian-kyo" capital. The first "Jidai" Festival was held. Heian Shrine was erected. The fourth "Naikoku Kangyo" Fair was held in Kyoto. Kyoto City began a tram service.
• 1897 - Japan's first movie film was projected on the bank of the Kamo River.
• 1915 - Japan's first street lamps were installed along Shijo Street.
• 1926 - Kyoto Dyeing Fair was held.
• 1927 - Japan's first central wholesale market opened. Great Tango Earthquake.
• 1946 - The 1st National Athletic Meet was held in Kyoto and nearby prefectures.
• 1949 - "Yukawa Hideki" received the Nobel Prize for Physics.
• 1965 - "Tomonaga Shinichiro" received the Nobel Prize for Physics.
• 1966 - Kyoto International Conference Hall opened.
• 1981 - "Fukui Kenichi" received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. The Karasuma Subway Line opened.
• 1987 - Kansai Science City Development Promotion Act was issued and enacted.
• 1988 - The 43rd National Athletic Meet was held in Kyoto.
• 1994 - The 1200th anniversary of "Heian-kyo" capital. The decision to construct the Kyoto State Guest House was made at a Cabinet meeting.